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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; nov. 2009. 100 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837263

ABSTRACT

Enzimas são proteínas utilizadas em processos tecnológicos diversos. Estas enzimas dependendo do tipo e grau de pureza são geralmente caras. Comumente as enzimas exigem controle contínuo do processo no que se refere à temperatura, pH, agitação, entre outros, e após o uso são descartadas, o que torna o custo do processo mais elevado. Em decorrência disto, a imobilização de enzimas em suportes insolúveis e inertes, vem sendo proposta com resultados promissores de manutenção e até mesmo aumento da atividade enzimática, resistência mecânica, térmica e de pH, bem como por apresentar maior facilidade de remoção da enzima do sistema e possibilitar sua reutilização. Por causa disto, diferentes tipos de suportes vêem sendo estudados, dentre estes, os materiais poliméricos, tem recebido atenção especial. A quitosana é um polímero natural, biocompatível, biodegradável e atóxico. É obtida de fontes renováveis provenientes do descarte de cascas de crustáceos da indústria de alimentos, o que constitui um fator ambiental importante atualmente. Neste trabalho a enzima pepsina foi imobilizada em membranas liofilizadas de quitosana e O-carboximetilquitosana reticuladas ou não com glutaraldeído. A pepsina imobilizada na membrana de quitosana reticulada com glutaraldeído manteve sua atividade enzimática e o suporte apresentou propriedades físico-químicas de resistência a solubilização em pH ácido, o qual é necessário para atividade da pepsina. O processo de liofilização preservou a estrutura do suporte e não comprometeu a atividade enzimática. Demonstrando que o processo de liofilização é viável para secagem e incorporação de enzimas


Enzymes are proteins used in a wide variety of biotechnological processes. Commonly, enzymes require stringent conditions, such as a particular pH, temperature, stirring, etc. In chemical and biochemical reactions, purified enzymes can be rather costly and additionally, must be discarded after each use, which is still less economical. As a result of this, enzyme immobilization on insoluble and inert supports has been studied as a manner to overcome these problems and optimize enzymes use. Promising results of greater immobilized enzyme activity and stability over a broader range of pH and temperature have been reported. As well, immobilized enzymes can be easily removed from the system and reused. Various materials have been employed as enzymes supports, among then, the polymers have received special attention. Chitosan is a natural polymer that presents biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. Chitosan is obtained from crustacean shell wastes discarded by the food industry, and recover this material constitutes an important environmental factor nowadays. In this work the enzyme pepsin was immobilized on freezedried chitosan and O-Carboxymethylchitosan membranes crosslinked or not with glutaraldehyde. Pepsin immobilized on chitosan membrane crosslinked with glutaraldehyde maintained its enzymatic activity and the polymer support provided physicochemical properties such resistance to dissolution in acid pH. Acid pH is required for pepsin activity. The freeze-drying process preserved the support structure and did not compromise the enzymatic activity. Demonstrating that, freeze drying process, is viable for drying and enzymes incorporation


Subject(s)
Chitosan/administration & dosage , Peptide Hydrolases , Biopolymers , Biotechnology , Pepsin A/isolation & purification , Pepsin A/pharmacology
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 119(2): 137-41, feb. 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-98195

ABSTRACT

We have identified a plasmatic substance, "pepsanurin" (PU) obtained by pepsin hydrolysis which inhibits the renal effects of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). To investigate whether patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have increased plasma levels of PU we prepared PU from 10 patients with CHF class IV (NYHA), 9 patients with CHF class II or III and 16 healthy controls. Anesthetized rats were used to test the effects of ANF, 0.5 ug/100 g body weight i.v., before and following the intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of PU. The inhibition of the diuretic and natriuretic effects of ANF was 40.9 ñ 11.9% and 49.8 ñ 12% respectively for control subjects. Corresponding figures for clas CHF patients were 62.3 ñ 3.1% and 73.8 ñ 3.5% (p < 0.02) and for class II-III patients 39.2 ñ 7.0% and 53.1 ñ 8.2% (NS). Accordingly, an increased capacity to generate PU may underlie the decreased sensitivity to ANF in patients with advanced CHF


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Rats , Animals , Humans , Female , Pepsin A/pharmacology , Atrial Natriuretic Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Kidney/drug effects , Natriuresis/drug effects , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Diuresis/drug effects , Heart Failure/blood
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